Learning
theories in art education was divided into two which are operant conditioning
and classical conditioning. According to last week presenter, she had present
about two learning theories from Skinner about operant conditioning and
Watson’s behaviorism which is classical conditioning.
Operant
conditioning by Skinner was based on Thorndike’s behavior theory which is law
of effect. Law of effect in Thorndike’s means the change of behavior due to
rewards and punishment which Skinner introduced his Skinner box which similar
with Thorndike’s puzzle box but Skinner was used white rat as his experiment
subject. From the experiment, Skinner identified three things in behavior which
are neutral operant, reinforce and punisher but Skinner was highlight about the
reinforcement as his key of his theory whereas reinforcement had used to achieve
the desire for example, the cat must push the bell to get food, if he disobey
the rule, he can’t get the food, so the cat must to push the bell to get his
food.
Reinforcement
was divide into two whereas positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement.
Through my understanding, positive reinforcement is about the subject are
willing to change themselves for example, one of a student should complete
reading his book in one day but he doesn’t, so his friend advise him but he
doesn’t care, then his friend ask him if they can finish them together and that
student was agreed so the conclusion is, the student need someone to push him
so he had desired to complete what he should do. While negative
reinforcement was start by punishment
for example, a student not pay attention
in class so their teacher ask them to come in front and the teacher give a
lecture, the teacher allowed them to sit if they well-behave. So here, the
conclusion is, punishment is required to change the behavior of student.
While,
the Watson behaviorism is a classical conditioning as well as Ivan Pavlov
experiment which used dog as his subject but Watson has believe that behavior
conditioning can be apply to children due to the same way of reaction between
human and animals. Watson’s was used a
baby boy as his experimental subject which popular with named Little Albert,
who was not shown his fear to the object he was shown but Watson had use a very
loud noise that make him crying while show him the object that he had no fear
before. The result is, Little Albert had fear to the object shown due to loud
noise during the experiment before.
The
conclusion is, between operant conditioning and classical conditioning; I was
agreed that operant conditioning was more effective to implement in behavior
learning due to train student to behave themselves more than classical
conditioning because of classical conditioning as well as Watson’s behaviorism
affected student’s life for example, student who are afraid of cockcroach watch
his friend being punish to hold a cockcroach due to his wrongdoing so, he was
more afraid to the punishment because for him, being punish by hold a
cockcroach is a terrible and let him trauma for a longlife.